1.

Answer the following questions.

(a) Why will fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas, etc. run out?
(b) What are the positive aspects of renewable energy?
(c) How does hydrogen exist in nature?
(d) What is bioenergy? Where do we get it from?
(e) "Reliance on them poses real big problems" - How? Explain it in 2/3 sentences.

উত্তর

(a) Fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas will run out because they are finite energy resources and cannot be naturally replenished.

(b) Renewable energy is constantly and naturally replenished and never runs out. It is also less harmful to the environment than fossil fuels.

(c) Hydrogen does not exist separately as a gas in nature. It is always combined with other elements, such as oxygen to make water.

(d) Bioenergy is energy produced from biomass. We get it from plants which can be turned into fuels such as firewood and alcohol.

(e) Reliance on fossil fuels poses big problems because they are finite, expensive and damaging to the environment. Their use causes pollution and global warming.

Everyone must play a part in protecting the environment. There are many things you can do on your own everyday to help save the planet. Here are some suggestions.

REDUCE!
Really, the best thing we can do for the planet is to use its resources properly. Our unplanned activities are mainly responsible for the environmental crisis. Here are some questions you can ask yourself before buying something, "Do I really need this?" or ask the question, "Will this last a long time?" Some other questions may be "Do I know how this item was made, how it will be used and how it will be disposed of?"

REUSE!
What do you think of using your own ceramic cup or mug at your school or local club? It means there are no plastic cups to throw away. You can wash it and reuse it everyday. Unfortunately, we are encouraged to buy a new "improved" item even if the one we have can be repaired or reused. When we buy things, we should buy those that are durable; we should use them properly, and have them repaired when necessary. If we practise this, many things will not only last a lifetime, but also be passed on for future use. However, if something is truly unusable for its original purposes, try to be more creative and think of how else it might be used. When you're done with it, think of whether someone else might be able to use it. You can donate some of the things to the poor. You may also sell some of your used items through personal advertisements in a local newspaper or in social media.

RECYCLE!
Rather than throwing an item out when neither you nor anyone else can make use of it, have it recycled. And if recycling is not possible, it is better to send goods to a landfill or have them burned up. Find out what types of materials can be recycled in your area. Clean and sort the materials before putting them out in the bin. Recycling your drink and food cans means there will be less trash in resource recovery facility or landfill. Moreover, company can use the old cans to make new ones.

2.

Answer the following questions.

(a) How many suggestions are given in the passage to save the planet? What are they?
(b) Why is it important to reduce our consumption of resources?
(c) What does the phrase "try to be more creative" suggest in the passage?
(d) Explain how donating items to the poor help both society and the environment.
(e) Do you think recycling can contribute to the development of our country? How?

উত্তর

(a) Three suggestions are given in the passage to save the planet. They are reduce, reuse and recycle.

(b) It is important to reduce our consumption of resources because unplanned use of resources is mainly responsible for the environmental crisis.

(c) The phrase "try to be more creative" suggests that we should find new ways to use an item if it is no longer usable for its original purpose.

(d) Donating items to the poor helps society because poor people can use those things. It also helps the environment because usable items are not thrown away as waste.

(e) Yes, recycling can contribute to the development of our country. It can reduce waste, save resources, keep the environment clean and help industries make new products from old materials.

Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this.

The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other resources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air.

Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated worldwide by humans. Moreover, we are also strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees. Every year enormous areas of forests are destroyed by people to obtain wood and to clear regions of mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests.

3.

Answer the following questions.

(a) From your reading of the first paragraph, write how we are responsible for the increase of greenhouse gases.
(b) What is the main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere? Describe in brief.
(c) How much crude oil is burned daily according to the text and what is its effect on the environment?
(d) Why trees are called an "important storehouse of carbon dioxide"?
(e) What do you think we should do to keep the atmosphere normal for our living?

উত্তর

(a) We are responsible for the increase of greenhouse gases because we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests. These activities release a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

(b) The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, mineral oil and natural gas. These are burned in factories, houses, vehicles and power plants.

(c) According to the text, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. This releases carbon dioxide into the air and strengthens the greenhouse effect.

(d) Trees are called an important storehouse of carbon dioxide because forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and give oxygen instead.

(e) We should reduce the burning of fossil fuels and stop deforestation. We should plant more trees and use energy carefully to keep the atmosphere normal for our living.

4.

Answer the following questions.

(a) Write down the names of some social media sites.
(b) How is it possible for the social networks to provide ways for the users to interact through the internet?
(c) When do the users feel that they really live in a global village?
(d) How do social networks work?
(e) Why are social networks expanding so fast?

উত্তর

(a) Some social media sites are Facebook, Google+, Twitter and LinkedIn.

(b) Social networks are web-based services. So they provide ways for users to interact through the internet by profiles, posts, comments, pictures and multimedia contents.

(c) The users feel that they really live in a global village when social networks connect them with people across borders and bring the world closer.

(d) Social networks work through internet-based websites where users can create profiles, share information, upload pictures, post comments and communicate with others.

(e) Social networks are expanding so fast because most of them are cost-free, easy to use and allow users to present themselves before the online community. They also allow sharing, profile updates, comments and privacy control.

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