Valentina Tereshkova was born in a village, in central Russia on 6 March 1937. Her father was a tractor driver and her mother worked in a textile plant. At the age of eight, she began her schooling but did not enjoy it much. She left the school within a few years. Afterwards she completed her education through distance learning. She became interested in parachuting from a young age, and trained in skydiving at the local Aeroclub, making her first jump at age 22 on 21 May 1959. It was her expertise in skydiving that led to her selection as a cosmonaut. After the flight of Yuri Gagarin, the first human being to travel to outer space in April 1961, the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. On 16 February 1962, "Proletaria" Valentina Tereshkova was selected for this project from among more than four hundred applicants. Tereshkova had to undergo a series of training that included weightless flights, isolation tests, centrifuge tests, rocket theory, spacecraft engineering, 120 parachute jumps and pilot training in MiG-15UTI jet fighters. Since the successful launch of the spacecraft Vostok-5 on 14 June 1963, Tereshkova began preparing for her own flight. On the morning of 16 June 1963, Tereshkova and her back-up cosmonaut Solovyova were dressed in space-suits and taken to the launch pad by a bus. After completing her communication and life support checks, she was seated inside Vostok-6. Finishing a two-hour countdown, Vostok-6 launched faultlessly. Although Tereshkova experienced nausea and physical discomfort for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. With a single flight, she logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date. Tereshkova also maintained a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. Vostok-6 was the final Vostok flight and was launched two days after Vostok-5, which carried Valery Bykovsky into a similar orbit for five days, landing three hours after Tereshkova. The two vessels approached each other within 5 kilometres at one point, and from space Tereshkova communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio.

১.

Choose the best answer from alternatives.

(a) What is the best antonym of the word 'Faultlessly'?
(i) perfectly (ii) faultily (iii) accurately (iv) flawlessly

(b) What is the meaning of 'undergo'?
(i) go through (ii) exclude (iii) cause (iv) comfort

(c) It was her expertise in skydiving that led her selection as cosmonaut. The word 'skydiving' stands for-
(i) Present participle (ii) Gerund (iii) Infinitive (iv) Both A and B

(d) Tereshkova logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date. Identify the type of clause “who had flown before that date”.
(i) Noun clause (ii) Adjective clause (iii) Adverbial clause (iv) All of them

(e) What does the word 'communicate' in the passage refer to?
(i) interact (ii) contact (iii) continue (iv) Both A and B

(f) The word 'isolation' can be best explained
(i) to be exclusive (ii) to be concerned (iii) to stand aside (iv) segregation

(g) Mig-15 UTI is a/an
(i) space project (ii) aircraft (iii) flying saucer (iv) projector

(h) What is the closest meaning of 'plant'?
(i) workshop (ii) mill (iii) factory (iv) all of them

(i) The word 'parachuting' in the passage refers to
(i) Noun (ii) Adjective (iii) Verb (iv) Adverb

(j) What is the meaning of the word 'launch'?
(i) taking off (ii) comfort (iii) rule (iv) spacecraft

উত্তর

(a) (ii) faultily

(b) (i) go through

(c) (ii) Gerund

(d) (ii) Adjective clause

(e) (iv) Both A and B

(f) (iv) segregation

(g) (ii) aircraft

(h) (iii) factory

(i) (i) Noun

(j) (i) taking off

Valentina Tereshkova was born in a village, in central Russia on 6 March 1937. Her father was a tractor driver and her mother worked in a textile plant. At the age of eight, she began her schooling but did not enjoy it much. She left the school within a few years. Afterwards she completed her education through distance learning. She became interested in parachuting from a young age, and trained in skydiving at the local Aeroclub, making her first jump at age 22 on 21 May 1959. It was her expertise in skydiving that led to her selection as a cosmonaut. After the flight of Yuri Gagarin, the first human being to travel to outer space in April 1961, the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. On 16 February 1962, "Proletaria" Valentina Tereshkova was selected for this project from among more than four hundred applicants. Tereshkova had to undergo a series of training that included weightless flights, isolation tests, centrifuge tests, rocket theory, spacecraft engineering, 120 parachute jumps and pilot training in MiG-15UTI jet fighters. Since the successful launch of the spacecraft Vostok-5 on 14 June 1963, Tereshkova began preparing for her own flight. On the morning of 16 June 1963, Tereshkova and her back-up cosmonaut Solovyova were dressed in space-suits and taken to the launch pad by a bus. After completing her communication and life support checks, she was seated inside Vostok-6. Finishing a two-hour countdown, Vostok-6 launched faultlessly. Although Tereshkova experienced nausea and physical discomfort for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. With a single flight, she logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date. Tereshkova also maintained a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. Vostok-6 was the final Vostok flight and was launched two days after Vostok-5, which carried Valery Bykovsky into a similar orbit for five days, landing three hours after Tereshkova. The two vessels approached each other within 5 kilometres at one point, and from space Tereshkova communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio.

২.

Answer the following questions.

(a) Which was the first journey by a woman in space? How?

(b) What do you mean by 'Vostok-6'? Write in 2/3 sentences.

(c) Briefly discuss Tereshkova's life in not more than 3 sentences.

(d) How did Tereshkova communicate with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev?

(e) Who were dressed in space-suits and taken to the launch pad by bus when?

উত্তর

(a) Flight by Vostok-6 in 1963 was the first journey by a woman in space. She orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. With a single flight, she logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date.

(b) Vostok-6 was the first human spacecraft to carry a woman cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova into space. On this spacecraft, Tereshkova orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. It was the final Vostok flight which was launched after Vostok-5.

(c) Valentina Tereshkova, a Russian female cosmonaut, was born to proletarian parents in a village in central Russia on 6 March 1937. In spite of beginning her schooling at the age of eight, she left the school within a few years and afterwards completed her education through distance learning. Having great interest in parachuting from a young age, she got trained in skydiving at the local Aeroclub and made her first jump at the age of 22, and this expertise in skydiving led to her selection as a cosmonaut.

(d) While orbiting the earth in Vostok-6, Tereshkova communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio.

(e)After the successful launch of the spacecraft Vostok-5 on 14 June 1963, Tereshkova and her back-up cosmonaut Solovyova were dressed in space-suits and taken to the launch pad on the morning of 16 June 1963.

In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial. Civic engagement includes individual or group activities to protect public interests and change the way the community values itself. For example, if you are protesting against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as raising taxes or an act that might work against people's interests, you are civically engaged and your action is considered a civic engagement. This protest can be done in different ways such as organizing rallies, collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions, etc. You can also help control traffic in front of a school, help children to cross the roads, work in a team to clean a park or a sea beach. You can also give some services to elderly people. These are all examples of civic engagement as what you do directly affects the community.

৩.

Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing examples of civic engagement

Box	Content
1	To help children to cross the roads
2	______
3	______
4	______
5	______
6	______

উত্তর

Flow sequence: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6.

Box	Content
1	To help children to cross the roads
2	To work in a team to clean a park
3	To work in a group to clean a beach
4	To give some services to elderly people
5	To protect public interests
6	To protest against any unjust decision by an authority

The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains. I was there in the autumn. I wanted quiet, and isolation, to do some troublesome writing. I wanted mountain air to blow out the Malaria from too long a time in the subtropics. I was homesick too, for the flaming of Maples in October, and for corn shocks and pumpkins and black walnut trees-....... I found them all living in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage, half a mile beyond the orphanage farm. When I took the cabin, I asked for a boy or man to come and chop wood for the fireplace....... I looked up from my typewriter one late afternoon, a little startled. A boy stood at the door and my pointer dog, my companion, was at his side and had not barked to warn me. The boy was probably twelve years old but undersized. He wore overalls and a torn shirt and was barefooted. He said, "I can chop some wood today."

৪. Summarise the following text.

উত্তর

The narrator rents a cabin near an orphanage in the Carolina mountains to find quiet for difficult writing and to enjoy the autumn scenery. After requesting someone to chop firewood, the narrator is surprised one afternoon by a small, barefoot boy standing at the door. The boy is about twelve and wears overalls and a torn shirt. He offers to chop wood. The excerpt ends with his offer rather than showing him beginning the work.

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