Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows. The first thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus
prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare.
Education, is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of life we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.
Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set of competencies including life skills that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature.
School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education. A Bangla poem tells us that nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in English translation : The sky has taught me to be liberal.
The wind has given me the motto to be industrious.
If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future.

১.

Choose the best answer from alternatives.

(a) The word 'arithmetic' means―
(i) The study of Physics (ii) The study of Biology (iii) The study of Mathematics (iv) The study of Chemistry

(b) To decide things rationally explains―.
(i) to judge things reasonably and take wise decision (ii) to judge things madly and take hasty decision. (iii) to judge things independently and take illogical decision (iv) to develop good debating power

(c) The first act of education is to develop―.
(i) personality (ii) nationality (iii) dignity (iv) brutality

(d) What does the idiom 'at large' mean?
(i) Critically (ii) Dependently (iii) Entirely (iv) Surely

(e) Through education we become ― members of society.
(i) rational (ii) evil (iii) common (iv) foolish

(f) The sky teaches us to be―.
(i) honest (ii) poetic (iii) liberal (iv) scientific

(g) The passage is about―
(i) scholars of education (ii) benefits of education (iii) sources of education (iv) elements of education

(h) The meaning of the word 'hatred' is―
(i) intense dislike (ii) love (iii) strong affection (iv) friendship

(i) We can get education―
(i) from school only (ii) not only from educational institutions but also from family, society, nature, from experiences of life (iii) from teachers, philosophers and nature (iv) from nature only

(j) Proper education frames a child for-
(i) the former (ii) the present (iii) the future (iv) the past

উত্তর

(a) (iii) The study of Mathematics

(b) (i) to judge things reasonably and take wise decision

(c) (i) personality

(d) (iii) Entirely

(e) (i) rational

(f) (iii) liberal

(g) (ii) benefits of education

(h) (i) intense dislike

(i) (ii) not only from educational institutions but also from family, society, nature, from experiences of life

(j) (iii) the future

Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows. The first thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus
prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare.
Education, is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of life we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.
Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set of competencies including life skills that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature.
School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education. A Bangla poem tells us that nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in English translation : The sky has taught me to be liberal.
The wind has given me the motto to be industrious.
If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future.

২.

Answer the following questions.

(a) What does education provide us?

(b) How does a child become an active member of the community?

(c) What is accepted as true about education?

(d) How will the world become a much happier place?

(e) Do you want to make nature your friend, philosopher and guide? Why?

উত্তর

(a) Education provides us a set of competencies including life skills that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging circumstances. It also provides us with the teaching of appreciating beauty and the bounties of nature.

(b) When a child begins school, s/he feels the need to belong to the class and make friends. Then his/her sense of belonging expands to include school at large, his/her community and finally his/her country. Thus, education helps a child become an active member of the community and work for its welfare.

(c) It is accepted as true in the sense that education releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It also sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity.

(d) Education, being inherently progressive and liberal, teaches us to respect human variety, cultural and religious differences. When all of us practise these values in life, the world will become a much happier place.

(e) Yes. Nature can teach useful lessons: the sky suggests liberality and the wind industriousness. Together with school education, these lessons can help prepare us for the future.

Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.
First, let’s start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.

৩.

Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart showing different characteristics of dreams. (No. 1 has been done for you):

Extraordinarily vivid → 2. ______ → 3. ______ → 4. ______ → 5. ______ → 6. ______

উত্তর

1. Extraordinarily vivid;

2. Very vague;

3. Filled with joyful emotions;

4. Frightening images;

5. Focused and understandable;

6. Unclear and confusing

My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is separated from my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away....... Now she is married to another man. My father lives very far away. I want to go to him, but he won't take me either. I begged him to send me some money so that I could buy a bus ticket. I am still waiting. He hasn't answered. The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a vendor. I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away from the trash dump. Once I worked for an ice cream shop owner and sold ice cream on the beach. But I got no money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep in his hut at night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice cream box is quite heavy when it is full. I had to walk for hours, offering my ice cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I could not even sell one ice cream. In a way, I am lucky because I am alive. My friends who work sorting rubbish in dumps often suffer from serious diseases. One of them was recently killed after he fell into a hole that opened up in the pile of trash. Many of us work for 10 to 12 hours, and get so little in return that we can't even buy food. [Unit-8; Lesson-4]

৪. Write a summary of the following text.

উত্তর

Amerigo is a thirteen-year-old street child who lives alone because neither his mother nor his father wants to take responsibility for him. He wants to go to his father but receives no help from him. The street has become his home, and he sometimes works to survive. He once collected trash but stopped after a serious infection. He also sold ice cream on the beach, but he received only food and shelter instead of money. His work was hard and painful. Like many street children, Amerigo suffers from poverty, insecurity and exploitation, yet he considers himself lucky to be alive.

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