Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela emerged determined to use his prestige and charisma to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come," Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994. "We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation."
In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: "Don't call me. I'll call you". But he remained one of the world's most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights. "He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are," Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked. Mandela's years behind bars made him the world's most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country's borders.
Choose the best answer from alternatives.
(a) The word "icon' in the text signifies-.
(i) idol (ii) sponsor (iii) portrait (iv) image
(b) As a leader, Nelson Mandela's vision was-.
(i) cosmopolitan (ii) regional (iii) orthodox (iv) illiberal
(c) What does 'shackles' refer to in the first sentence?
(i) stigma (ii) restraints (iii) spur (iv) agreement
(d) While bringing down apartheid Mandela ______ civil war.
(i) welcomed (ii) averted (iii) accommodated (iv) fermented
(e) The word 'healing' connotes ______.
(i) deteriorating (ii) increasing (iii) soothing (iv) cleaning
(f) What does "bridge the chasms" indicate?
(i) world politics (ii) Black's rights (iii) Black-White bond (iv) White minority
(g) What does 'chasms' refer to in Mandela's speech?
(i) pain (ii) personal honour (iii) celebration (iv) deep divisions between people
(h) Apart from politics, Mandela championed______.
(i) trades (ii) local culture (iii) world economy (iv) human dignity
(i) The term 'apartheid' refers to______
(i) discrimination (ii) quarreling (iii) relation (iv) power
(j) Mandela was a leader of 'mythic stature'. Here 'mythic' means ______.
(i) legendary (ii) meagre (iii) potential (iv) short
(a) (i) idol
(b) (i) cosmopolitan
(c) (ii) restraints
(d) (ii) averted
(e) (iii) soothing
(f) (iii) Black-White bond
(g) (iv) deep divisions between people
(h) (iv) human dignity
(i) (i) discrimination
(j) (i) legendary