In Bangladesh, 35 percent of students aged between 13 and 15 reported being bullied one Or more days in 30 days or involved in a physical fight at least once in 12 months in 2014, says a new report. Globally, half of the students aged between 13 and 15 Worldwide – around 150 million report having experienced peer-to-peer violence such As physical fights or forms of bullying, from their peers in and around school, According to the report released by UNICEF. The report is based on data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children: Cross-national Study and ‘the Global School-based Student Health Surveys. The data include 122 countries, representing 51 percent of the global population of children between 13 and 15. The report finds that Students experience other forms of violence at school, such as attacks in classrooms or Physical punishment by teachers. About 720 million school-aged children live in Countries where they are not fully protected by law against forms of physical Punishment at school, according to the report. “Education is the key to building Peaceful societies, and yet, for millions of children around the world, the school itself is not safe,” said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. “Every day, students face multiple dangers, including fighting, pressure to join gangs, bullying- both in person and online-violent discipline, sexual harassment, and armed violence. In the short term, this impacts their learning, and in the long-term, it can lead to depression, anxiety even suicide. Violence is an unforgettable lesson that no child needs to learn. Globally, slightly more than one in three students between 13 and 15 said they Experience bullying, according to the report. About one in three has been involved in Physical fights. On the other hand, 17 million young adolescents in 39 industrialized countries have admitted to bullying others at school, according to the report. While girls and boys are equally at risk of bullying, girls are more likely to become victims of psychological forms of bullying and boys are more at risk of physical violence and threats. The report notes that violence involving weapons in schools, such as knives and guns, continues to claim lives. It also says that in an increasingly digital world, Bullies are disseminating violent, hurtful, and humiliating content with the click of a Button.

১.

Choose the best answer from alternatives.

(a) What kind of lesson is violence, according to the passage?
(i) revengeful lesson (ii) unforgettable lesson (iii) meaningful lesson (iv) odd lesson

(b) The name of the threat, as per the passage, that is engulfing the school-going adolescents is-
(i) snatching (ii) bullying (iii) extortion (iv) nepotism

(c) Who are not fully protected by law against physical punishment at school?
(i) School-aged boys (ii) high school aged girls (iii) School-aged youths (iv) school-going children

(d) What is the key to building peaceful societies?
(i) generosity (ii) education (iii) sensitivity (iv) domination

(e) Which form of school violence does the passage explicitly say continues to claim lives?
(i) claiming lives (ii) violence involving weapons (iii) physical punishment (iv) online arguments only

(f) In the study covering 122 countries, the phrase ‘cross-national’ refers to-
(i) relating to European countries (ii) relating to two countries or nations (iii) relating to sub-continental countries (iv) Relating to many countries or nations

(g) Disseminating’ can be replaced by
(i) spreading (ii) confining (iii) subjugating (iv) eliminating

(h) What does 'with the click of a button’ in the last line mean?
(i) pressing the button of a cell phone (ii) social online platforms (iii) very fast and easily (iv) the sound of pressing a button

(i) ”In the short term, this impacts their learning’. -What does the expression Mean?
(i) It hampers their study for the time being (ii) They cannot adopt themselves in learning (iii) They fail in their exam (iv) They become hopeless about their study

(j) ‘Industrialized country’ refers to
(i) developing country (ii) developed country (iii) under-developing country (iv) country holding industries

উত্তর

(a) (ii) unforgettable lesson

(b) (ii) bullying

(c) (iv) school-going children

(d) (ii) education

(e) (ii) violence involving weapons

(f) (iv) Relating to many countries or nations

(g) (i) spreading

(h) (iii) very fast and easily

(i) (i) It hampers their study for the time being

(j) (ii) developed country

In Bangladesh, 35 percent of students aged between 13 and 15 reported being bullied one Or more days in 30 days or involved in a physical fight at least once in 12 months in 2014, says a new report. Globally, half of the students aged between 13 and 15 Worldwide – around 150 million report having experienced peer-to-peer violence such As physical fights or forms of bullying, from their peers in and around school, According to the report released by UNICEF. The report is based on data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children: Cross-national Study and ‘the Global School-based Student Health Surveys. The data include 122 countries, representing 51 percent of the global population of children between 13 and 15. The report finds that Students experience other forms of violence at school, such as attacks in classrooms or Physical punishment by teachers. About 720 million school-aged children live in Countries where they are not fully protected by law against forms of physical Punishment at school, according to the report. “Education is the key to building Peaceful societies, and yet, for millions of children around the world, the school itself is not safe,” said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. “Every day, students face multiple dangers, including fighting, pressure to join gangs, bullying- both in person and online-violent discipline, sexual harassment, and armed violence. In the short term, this impacts their learning, and in the long-term, it can lead to depression, anxiety even suicide. Violence is an unforgettable lesson that no child needs to learn. Globally, slightly more than one in three students between 13 and 15 said they Experience bullying, according to the report. About one in three has been involved in Physical fights. On the other hand, 17 million young adolescents in 39 industrialized countries have admitted to bullying others at school, according to the report. While girls and boys are equally at risk of bullying, girls are more likely to become victims of psychological forms of bullying and boys are more at risk of physical violence and threats. The report notes that violence involving weapons in schools, such as knives and guns, continues to claim lives. It also says that in an increasingly digital world, Bullies are disseminating violent, hurtful, and humiliating content with the click of a Button.

২. Answer the following questions.
(a) Who are more vulnerable – boys or girls? Give reasons in favour of your answer.
(b) Show how the statistics of bullying vary between Bangladesh and global context.
(c) What are the findings of the report released by UNICEF?
(d) “Every day, students face multiple dangers.” What are the dangers and what are the impacts of the dangers?
(e) How does bullying impact learning and what can it lead to in the long term?

উত্তর

(a) Neither group is described as more vulnerable overall: the passage says that girls and boys are equally at risk of bullying. Girls are more likely to face psychological bullying, whereas boys face greater risks of physical violence and threats.

(b) The Bangladesh figure is 35% of students aged 13–15 reporting bullying in the previous 30 days or a physical fight in the previous 12 months in 2014. The global figure is about half of that age group, or 150 million students, reporting peer-to-peer violence. These are the reported figures, not necessarily directly comparable measures collected at the same time.

(c) The report describes the prevalence and different forms of violence affecting schoolchildren, inadequate legal protection against physical punishment in many countries, and possible effects on learning and well-being.

(d) Students face fighting, pressure to join gangs, bullying in person and online, violent discipline, sexual harassment and armed violence. According to the passage, these dangers can disrupt learning and contribute to serious psychological distress.

(e) Bullying can interfere with learning. The passage says that its longer-term effects can include depression, anxiety and even suicide; it does not state that every victim experiences these outcomes.

At daylight I was half wakened by the sound of chopping. Again, it was so even in texture that I went back to sleep. When I left my bed in the cool morning, the boy had come and gone, and a stack of kindling was neat against the cabin wall. He came after school in the afternoon and worked until time to return to the orphanage. His name was Jerry... he had been at the orphanage since he was four. I could picture him at four, with the same grave gray-blue eyes and the same independence? No, the word that comes to me is "integrity".... It is bedded on courage, but it is more than brave. It is honest, but it is more than honesty. The ax handle broke one day. Jerry said the woodshop at the orphanage would repair it. I brought money to pay for the job and he refused it.

"I'll pay for it," he said. "I broke it. I brought the ax down careless."

"But no one hits accurately every time," I told him. "The fault was in the wood of the handle. I'll see the man from whom I bought it."

It was only then that he would take the money. He was standing back of his own carelessness. He was a free-will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge.

And he did for me the unnecessary thing, the gracious thing, that we find done only by the great of heart. Things no training can teach, for they are done on the instant, with no predicated experience. He found a cubbyhole beside the fireplace that I had not noticed. There, of his own accord, he put kindling and "medium" wood, so that I might always have dry fire material ready in case of sudden wet weather. A stone was loose in the rough walk to the cabin. He dug a deeper hole and steadied it, although he came, himself, by a shortcut over the bank. I found that when I tried to return his thoughtfulness with such things as candy and apples, he was wordless. "Thank you" was, perhaps, an expression for which he had had no use, for his courtesy was instinctive. He only looked at the gift and at me, and a curtain lifted, so that I saw deep into the clear well of his eyes, and gratitude was there, and affection, soft over the firm granite of his character...

৩.

Read the above passage and make a flow chart showing the important traits of Jerry’s character. (One is done for you.)

Box	Content
1	Freedom-loving
2	______
3	______
4	______
5	______
6	______

উত্তর

Box	Character trait
1	Freedom-loving
2	Integrity
3	Thoughtfulness
4	Courage
5	Honesty
6	Responsibility

.....(T)he Negro is still not free...the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity... (T)he Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So, we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

৪. Summarise the following passage.

উত্তর

The passage discusses the ongoing struggles and challenges faced by African Americans in the United States, highlighting the persistent issues of segregation, discrimination, and poverty. The speaker emphasises the need to address these injustices and fulfil the promise of equality enshrined in the American Dream. The passage culminates in the speaker’s vision of a future where racial barriers are overcome, and individuals are judged not by their skin colour but by the content of their character. The passage is a call to action to strive toward achieving racial equality and justice.

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