A plate of hot French fries and a huge burger with hot cheese oozing out of it, with a carbonated drink; looks like a treat! This calorie-rich junk food does look mouth-watering but is known to be nutritionally poor. Junk food or fast food has become an increasingly popular food choice. Ideally, junk foods are defined as processed foods with negligible nutrient value and are often high in salt, sugar and fat. But we often confuse fast foods with junk foods. How are they different? Or what is junk food really?
Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a dietician and nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritional value but are high in calories, salt and fats may be considered junk foods. Though not all fast foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food, but is definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas and tacos may alternate between junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing."
Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases among other chronic health problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads etc, leading to further lack of nourishment.

১.

Choose the best answer from alternatives.

(a) The word 'appealing' mentioned in the passage refers to-
(i) repulsive (ii) shocking (iii) hopeless (iv) tempting

(b) The phrase 'clogging up' refers to-
(i) entering (ii) going (iii) crumble (iv) blocking

(c) An addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food.. Here the word 'rejection means'—.
(i) approval (ii) refusal (iii) choice (iv) acceptance

(d) The expression 'nutrient value' refers to a food's ______.
(i) price (ii) nourishing quality (iii) colour (iv) taste

(e) 'Cardiovascular diseases' is related to our —.
(i) heart (ii) muscle (iii) Neuron (iv) bone

(f) The purpose of the use of cheese is to-
(i) make the burger tasty (ii) see the burger lucrative (iii) make the burger spicy (iv) make the burger hot

(g) In the text, 'broad umbrella' is used as a—.
(i) simile (ii) metaphor (iii) xylem (iv) hyperbole

(h) Which of the following is not true about junk food?
(i) It is full of high calories (ii) It involves the risk of heart failure (iii) People may become fat eating junk food (iv) It has high nutrient value

(i) According to the passage, frequent junk-food consumption raises health risks by increasing ______.
(i) frequent consumption of junk food (ii) eating junk food (iii) only processed food (iv) the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates and processed sugar.

(j) The word 'enjoyable' is a/an-
(i) pronoun (ii) adjective (iii) adverb (iv) preposition

উত্তর

(a) (iv) tempting

(b) (iv) blocking

(c) (ii) refusal

(d) (ii) nourishing quality

(e) (i) heart

(f) (i) make the burger tasty

(g) (ii) metaphor

(h) (iv) It has high nutrient value

(i) (iv) the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates and processed sugar.

(j) (ii) adjective

A plate of hot French fries and a huge burger with hot cheese oozing out of it, with a carbonated drink; looks like a treat! This calorie-rich junk food does look mouth-watering but is known to be nutritionally poor. Junk food or fast food has become an increasingly popular food choice. Ideally, junk foods are defined as processed foods with negligible nutrient value and are often high in salt, sugar and fat. But we often confuse fast foods with junk foods. How are they different? Or what is junk food really?
Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a dietician and nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritional value but are high in calories, salt and fats may be considered junk foods. Though not all fast foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food, but is definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas and tacos may alternate between junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing."
Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases among other chronic health problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads etc, leading to further lack of nourishment.

২.

Answer the following questions:

(a) What do you mean by junk food?

(b) Why has eating junk food been compared to consuming addictive drugs?

(c) How is junk food different from fast food?

(d) Why people are so much attracted to junk food?

(e) Why is junk food bad for health?

উত্তর

(a) The passage describes junk foods as processed products that are high in calories, salt, sugar or fat but low in nutritional value.

(b) It presents a comparison suggesting that junk food may affect the brain in a way that encourages repeated consumption and rejection of healthier foods. This is a claim made in the passage.

(c) Fast food is food prepared or served quickly, whereas junk food is defined here by its poor nutritional value. The passage notes that a salad can be fast food without being junk food.

(d) The passage says that these foods are made to look appealing and taste enjoyable, encouraging people to want more.

(e) According to the text, frequent consumption can increase the intake of excess fat and sugar and raise the risk of health problems while displacing more nutritious foods.

Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may create unhappiness within families. People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes, etc. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems. Nowadays consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a feeling of immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to buy, use or consume things even when we do not have a genuine need. We all need to be careful here. Salespersons often encourage customers to buy things by flattering them. "This is a perfect match for you,' they would say, or "You look so stunning in that dress. Never forget, they say the same thing to most of their customers. It is better not to be persuaded by such words. They use these words to please the customers as the more a customer buys, the higher the profit is. Overspending is not only related to shopping, it applies to other activities as well such as eating out. Many people buy too many items to eat in a restaurant. They can eat only some of them and the rest are wasted. It's not a responsible attitude. We cannot simply waste food because we have money to buy it.

৩.

Read the following text and make short note in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing the consequences of overspending.

Box	Content
1	Leading to financial ruin or debt
2	______
3	______
4	______
5	______
6	______

উত্তর

Leading us to financial ruin or debt
Leading us to an unhappy life
Leading us to the perpetual dissatisfaction
Rushing for brands, fashion items, etc.
Leading us to the addiction of spending too much
Creating psychological problems

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal.' What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks the company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in the workplace, or in a profession that he pursues.

Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in the workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us with all kinds of support, love, and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.

To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarreling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

৪. Write a summary of the following text.

উত্তর

Human beings naturally seek companionship and form relationships for emotional and practical support. Family ties, friendships, school connections and professional relationships give meaning to life and encourage achievement. They provide love and affection, increase shared happiness and lessen sorrow. Isolation, by contrast, causes loneliness. Healthy relationships require mutual trust, respect and love rather than selfishness or possessiveness. Quarrelling damages these bonds and brings suffering. Therefore, maintaining positive relationships is important for emotional well-being.

সরকারি বিজ্ঞান কলেজ, ঢাকা ২০২৪

সরকারি বিজ্ঞান কলেজ, ঢাকা ২০২৪ আনলক করো