সরকারি মাইকেল মধুসূদন (এম.এম) কলেজ, যশোর ২০২৫

এইচএসসি · ইংরেজি ১ম পত্র

সরকারি মাইকেল মধুসূদন (এম.এম) কলেজ, যশোর ২০২৫

১০টি প্রশ্ন রয়েছে। নিচে কয়েকটি নমুনা দেখো; সব প্রশ্ন, উত্তর ও ব্যাখ্যা পেতে সাবস্ক্রাইব করো।

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal.' What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks the company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in the workplace, or in a profession that he pursues.

Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in the workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us with all kinds of support, love, and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.

To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarreling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

১.

Choose the best answer from alternatives.

(a) Which one is an effect of social segregation?
(i) mental comfort (ii) marital gains (iii) physical pleasure (iv) emotional estrangement

(b) A synonym of 'isolation' is ______
(i) detachment (ii) entertainment (iii) fierce (iv) acquaintance

(c) Human relationships give meaning to a person's ______.
(i) enmity (ii) antipathy (iii) existence (iv) loneliness

(d) People establish relationships for physical and emotional ______.
(i) wealth (ii) support (iii) isolation (iv) hunger

(e) In this passage, 'possessive' suggests being ______.
(i) cooperative (ii) supportive (iii) productive (iv) controlling and unwilling to share

(f) The word 'instinct' can be replaced by ______
(i) impulse (ii) unconcern (iii) mishap (iv) detachment

(g) A synonym of the word 'foster' is ______
(i) agony (ii) near (iii) chase (iv) nurture

(h) Aristotle was a great ______
(i) physicist (ii) philanthropist (iii) thinker (iv) theologian

(i) A relationship formed at work is initially described as ______.
(i) familial (ii) social (iii) professional (iv) rational

(j) Quarrelling is a/an ______ in the way of a good relationship.
(i) accelerator (ii) hurdle (iii) both (i) & (ii) (iv) neither (i) nor (ii)

উত্তর

(a) (iv) emotional estrangement

(b) (i) detachment

(c) (iii) existence

(d) (ii) support

(e) (iv) controlling and unwilling to share

(f) (i) impulse

(g) (iv) nurture

(h) (iii) thinker

(i) (iii) professional

(j) (ii) hurdle

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal.' What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks the company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in the workplace, or in a profession that he pursues.

Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in the workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us with all kinds of support, love, and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.

To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarreling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

২.

Answer the following questions.

(a) Why do human beings need relationship?

(b) How is man's relationship different from that of other animals?

(c) Do you think human beings can have relationship with animals or toys? How?

(d) What impact does relationship have on our emotional health?

(e) How can we make a relationship effective?

উত্তর

(a) People seek companionship, physical and emotional support, and a sense of meaning. Relationships also encourage them in education and work.

(b) The passage says that both seek companionship and support, while human relationships additionally give meaning to existence and encourage achievement.

(c) Yes. The passage mentions bonds between people and animals, and the attachment children feel towards toys. These are examples of affection beyond human-to-human relationships.

(d) Sharing joy increases happiness, while sharing sorrow can lessen distress. Quarrelling, however, can bring suffering and damage relationships.

(e) We can build trust, show respect and appropriate affection, and avoid selfishness and possessiveness.

A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing.
Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations.
৩.

Read the following text and make a flow chart showing different aspects of dream.

  1. An experience during sleep → 2. ______ → 3. ______ → 4. ______ → 5. ______ → 6. ______
উত্তর
  1. An experience during sleep → 2. Including vivid or vague images → 3. Including joyful emotions or frightening images → 4. Being focused and understandable or unclear and confusing → 5. Considered essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being by some researchers → 6. Representing subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations in Freud's theory

The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a state of heightened awareness is known as meditation. It is an approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that fitness is an approach to training the body. Voltaire explains, "Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in eternal awareness or pure consciousness without objectification, knowing without thinking, merging finitude in infinity".

From the ancient times, meditation has been a part of some religious traditions as a way of achieving the body's release from worldly cares, and creating inner harmony. Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce stress and tension and improve focus. There are trainers who help beginners with some exercise such as improved breathing and progressive relaxation. One of the most common approaches to meditation is concentration.

To develop concentration one needs to focus on a single point. Since focusing the mind is challenging, a beginner might meditate for only a few minutes and then work up to longer duration.

Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness. It increases the thinking ability of human brain so that people have a better control of their emotions. Those who practice meditation can work tirelessly for a longer period of time. Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the brain and other parts of the body. Finally, meditation improves creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.

৪. Write a summary of the following text.
উত্তর
The passage describes meditation as training the mind through calm, focused attention. It connects the practice with religious traditions and modern efforts to manage stress and improve concentration. Beginners may start with short periods and gradually extend them. The passage attributes several mental and emotional benefits to meditation, presenting it as a way to develop inner calm and awareness.

সরকারি মাইকেল মধুসূদন (এম.এম) কলেজ, যশোর ২০২৫ আনলক করো

এই টেস্ট পেপারটি প্রিমিয়াম প্যাকেজের অন্তর্ভুক্ত। সব বহুনির্বাচনি ও লিখিত প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন করতে সাবস্ক্রাইব করো।