Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous rivers, canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh. Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The most important beels are Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura. Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor. Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish. [Unit-10; Lesson-2]

১.

Choose the best answer from the alternatives.

(a) The word ‘resource’ stands for -
(i) wealth
(ii) establishment
(iii) source
(iv) entrance

(b) ‘Livelihood’ could be best replaced by -
(i) credit
(ii) subsistence
(iii) profit
(iv) endurance

(c) When do the mother fisheries produce fries'?
(i) In winter season
(ii) In the spring
(iii) In summer season
(iv) In rainy season

(d) Why have the beels lost the capacity to provide shelter for breeding fish?
(i) Because of the scarcity of water
(ii) Because of extreme water flow
(iii) Because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals
(iv) Because of water pollution

(e) What does the word ‘falls’ mean in the passage?
(i) Refers to
(ii) Divides into
(iii) Belongs to
(iv) Drops into

(f) The word ‘aquatic’ refers to -
(i) fertile
(ii) terrestrial
(iii) small
(iv) living or growing in water

(g) Choose the false statement from the following :
(i) Hakaluki Haor is an Ecologically Critical Area
(ii) 0.19 million people live in the area surrounding Hakaluki Haor
(iii) Hakaluki Haor is surrounded by a river called Chatla
(iv) Different kinds of fisheries are available in Hakaluki Haor

(h) What does ‘parent fish’ refer to?
(i) Either mother or father fish
(ii) Roe or fish egg
(iii) Brood of fish
(iv) All of them

(i) The word ‘dewater’ in the passage implies -
(i) to fill with water
(ii) to pour water
(iii) to use water
(iv) to drain water

(j) What does the word ‘blessed’ imply?
(i) Inundated
(ii) Flooded
(iii) Gifted
(iv) Cursed

উত্তর

(a) (i) wealth

(b) (ii) subsistence

(c) (iv) In rainy season

(d) (iii) Because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals

(e) (iii) Belongs to

(f) (iv) living or growing in water

(g) (iii) Hakaluki Haor is surrounded by a river called Chatla

(h) (i) Either mother or father fish

(i) (iv) to drain water

(j) (iii) Gifted

Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five such stages of growth where they learn certain things: infancy (birth to age 2), early childhood (3 to 8 years), later childhood (9 to 12 years) and adolescence (13 to 18 years). Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some who will try to act older than their years. But, for the most part, most individuals have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic or social status. World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the critical transitions in one's life span and is characterised by fast-paced growth and change which are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty, for example, comes earlier than before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. The time of adolescence is a period of preparation for adulthood during which one experiences several key developments. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Many also experience a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems. [Unit-6; Lesson-1]

২. Answer the following questions:
(a) Define adolescence in your own words.
(b) What are the experiences an adolescent undergoes?
(c) Mention the stages of growth from childhood to adulthood.
(d) "Adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential". Describe in brief.

উত্তর

(a) Adolescence is the stage of human growth that comes after childhood and before adulthood. It is usually marked by rapid physical, mental and emotional changes.

(b) An adolescent undergoes several experiences such as physical and sexual maturation, movement towards social and economic independence, development of identity, acquisition of skills for adult roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning.

(c) The stages of growth from childhood to adulthood are infancy, early childhood, later childhood, adolescence and adulthood.

(d) Adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential because young people develop physically, mentally and socially during this period. They gain identity, reasoning power and skills for adult relationships and responsibilities.

Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five such stages of growth where they learn certain things: infancy (birth to age 2), early childhood (3 to 8 years), later childhood (9 to 12 years) and adolescence (13 to 18 years). Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some who will try to act older than their years. But, for the most part, most individuals have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic or social status. World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the critical transitions in one's life span and is characterised by fast-paced growth and change which are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty, for example, comes earlier than before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. The time of adolescence is a period of preparation for adulthood during which one experiences several key developments. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Many also experience a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems. [Unit-6; Lesson-1]

৩.

Write a synonym or antonym of each word as directed, using the meaning in the passage where applicable.

(a) situation (synonym)

(b) fairly (antonym)

(c) independence (antonym)

(d) reasoning (synonym)

(e) abstract (antonym)

(f) consider (synonym)

(g) exert (antonym)

(h) potential (antonym)

(i) individual (synonym)

(j) tremendous (synonym)

উত্তর

(a) condition
(b) barely
(c) dependence
(d) thinking
(e) concrete
(f) regard
(g) withdraw
(h) inability
(i) person
(j) huge

Civility means polite (a) ______ or modesty. It also (b) ______ courteous manner. It is a great virtue (c) ______ a man. To be well-behaved, or good-natured, we need not (d) ______ money. We have to (e) ______ willingness to attain civility. We have to (f) ______ some code of conduct and (g) ______ the norms of etiquette of the society. It (h) ______ from society to society. However, one has to practise good manner in one's character from an early age. No expenditure but consciousness is required.

৪. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word in each gap.

উত্তর

(a) behaviour
(b) means
(c) of
(d) spend
(e) have
(f) follow
(g) observe
(h) varies

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