Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this.

The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air.

Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated worldwide by humans.

Moreover, we are also strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees. Every year enormous area of forests are destroyed by the people to obtain wood and to clear regions for mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests.

1.

Choose the best answer from alternatives.

(a) The word 'combustion' mentioned in the text refers to -.
(i) kindling (ii) burning (iii) consumption (iv) flame
(b) - are mainly responsible for greenhouse effect.
(i) Wild animals (ii) Plants (iii) Humans (iv) Aquatic plants
(c) Trees are very useful to the congenial atmosphere because they -.
(i) absorb greenhouse gases (ii) emit carbon dioxide (iii) absorb carbon dioxide (iv) generate carbon dioxide
(d) - is the main cause of increasing carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere.
(i) Deforestation (ii) The burning of fossil fuels (iii) Destruction of forests (iv) Desertification
(e) What is contextual meaning of the word 'release'?
(i) Free (ii) Give away (iii) Discharge (iv) Dismiss
(f) Coal is used for - energy.
(i) compacting (ii) minimizing (iii) decreasing (iv) generating
(g) The main theme of the passage is to -.
(i) show how humans are responsible for greenhouse effect (ii) show the importance of tree plantation (iii) show the result of deforestation (iv) show how fossil fuels are being used

উত্তর

(a) (ii) burning
(b) (iii) Humans
(c) (iii) absorb carbon dioxide
(d) (ii) The burning of fossil fuels
(e) (iii) Discharge
(f) (iv) generating
(g) (i) show how humans are responsible for greenhouse effect

Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this.

The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air.

Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated worldwide by humans.

Moreover, we are also strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees. Every year enormous area of forests are destroyed by the people to obtain wood and to clear regions for mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests.

2.

Answer the following questions.

(a) What is the effect of burning fossil fuels?
(b) How can trees help save our environment?
(c) When did mills and factories begin to increase?
(d) "Human beings are responsible for the greenhouse effect." - Do you agree? Why/Why not?
(e) What are the causes lying behind deforestation?

উত্তর

(a) Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the air. This increases greenhouse gases and strengthens the greenhouse effect.

(b) Trees can help save our environment by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and giving oxygen. They also work as an important storehouse of carbon dioxide.

(c) Mills and factories began to increase rapidly since the end of the 19th century.

(d) Yes, I agree. Human beings burn fossil fuels, cut down forests and destroy trees, and these activities increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

(e) The causes behind deforestation are cutting down trees to obtain wood, clearing land for mining and creating pasture.

3.

Read the following text and fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.

May Day or International Workers' Day is observed on May 1 all over the world today to commemorate the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working people to establish an eight hour workday. It is a public holiday in almost all the countries of the world. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US, the workers in mills and factories had been working a long shift, fourteen or even more hours a day.

On May 1st in 1886, inspired by the trade unions, half of the workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in Chicago went on strike demanding an eight hour workday. Two days later, about 6000 workers brought out a rally addressed by the labour leaders. Suddenly about 200 policemen attacked them with clubs and revolvers. One striker was killed instantly, five or six others were seriously wounded and many others were injured.

The events of May 1, 1886 are a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives.

People all over the world observe May 1, as International Workers' Day to (a) ______ the historical struggle and sacrifice made by the working class people. For their great (b) ______, now the workers can enjoy an eight hour workday. It was a historical struggle (c) ______ the employers and employees. This day reminds that the (d) ______ will be exploited until they raise their (e) ______ for their rights and privileges.

উত্তর

(a) commemorate (b) sacrifices (c) between (d) workers (e) voice

William Wordsworth was one of the most influential Romantic poets. He was born on April 7, 1770 at Cockermouth, Lake District of England. When he was eight years old, his mother died and in the same year he was sent to Grammar School of Hawkshead. Wordsworth's father died five years after his mother's death. His father was a lawyer. As a young man, Wordsworth developed a love of nature, a theme reflected in many of his poems. In 1787, he entered into St. John's College at the University of Cambridge where he studied for four years until he took his B.A Degree. In 1786, two sets of his verses were published and in 1789 he finished writing the 'Evening Walk'. While studying at Cambridge University, he undertook the walking tour in France and Switzerland in 1790 with his friend Robert Jones. In 1795, Wordsworth received a legacy from a close relative and he and his sister Dorothy went to live in Dorset. Two years later, they moved to Somerset, to live near the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who was an admirer of Wordsworth's work. They collaborated on 'Lyrical Ballads', published in 1798. In 1799, after a visit to Germany with Coleridge, Wordsworth's most famous poem, 'I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud' was written at Dove Cottage in 1804. In 1842, he was given a government pension and the following year became a poet laureate. Wordsworth died on 23 April 1850 and was buried in Grasmere Churchyard.

4.

Complete the table below with information from the passage.

About William Wordsworth (A great English romantic poet)

Who/What	Event/Activity	Where/Place	Year/When
William Wordsworth	was sent to Grammar School	Hawkshead	(i) ______
He	completed his B.A Degree	St. John's College at the University of Cambridge	(ii) ______
(iii) ______	undertook the walking tour	France and Switzerland	1790
He	wrote his most famous poem	Dove Cottage	(iv) ______
He	became a poet laureate	-	(v) ______

উত্তর

No.	Answer
(i)	1778
(ii)	1791
(iii)	Wordsworth and Robert Jones
(iv)	1804
(v)	1843

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