Bangladesh is now in the grip of all sorts of pollution like air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution. The dwellers of the urban areas are the worst sufferers of such pollution. The indiscriminate industrialization process in Bangladesh over the past decades has created significant environmental problems. We will now read about some of the most common types of environmental pollutions and ways of coping with them.
Air pollution comes from a wide variety of sources. In Bangladesh poisonous exhausts from industrial plants, brick kilns, old or poorly-serviced vehicles and dust from roads and construction sites are some of the major sources of air pollution. We can minimise this type of pollution by making less use of motor vehicles and avoiding the use of vehicles older than 20 years. We may also use proper lubricants to lessen the level of emission and pollutants. We can encourage people to use CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) or Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) for fuelling their cars. The government may relocate hazardous industries like brick kilns to areas away from human habitation.
Water pollution can occur in oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds and underground reservoirs. As different water sources flow together, the pollution can spread easily and quickly. Causes of water pollution include-increased sediment from soil, erosion, improper waste disposal and littering, leakage of soil pollution into water supplies, organic materials that decay in water supplies.
In fact, polluting the land means polluting the water. Throwing away a toxic substance on the ground near a water source means it eventually reaches the body of water. As a result, the water is polluted. Industrial wastes must not be disposed in rivers or lakes. We need to be more careful about disposing household wastes too. Use of pesticides means that when it rains, chemicals used in the lawn or garden-wash into the water bodies. Therefore, we must be aware of the dangers of using pesticides as they may pollute our rivers, canals and lakes.
Among the most significant causes of soil pollution is the enormous volume of industrial waste which is being produced everyday but not disposed properly. The mismanagement of household wastes, particularly the polythene shopping bags, has caused serious threat to the soil and the drainage system. Another cause for soil pollution is the use of agricultural pesticides, fertilizers, etc. Sometimes fuel leakages from automobiles may get washed away by rain and seep into the nearby soil.
Pesticides and fertilizers are useful for plant growth but their overuse has led to soil pollution. Natural fertilizers and compost can be used instead of their pollution. Recycling papers, plastics and other materials reduces the volume in chemical alternatives. Recycling is another way to reduce and control soil in the topsoil. Planting trees and re-forestation help prevent soil erosion and pollution.
(b) (iv) industrial waste
(c) (iii) increase
(d) (i) pollution
(e) (i) growth of the plants
(f) (ii) fossil fuel
(g) (iii) adjective
(a) The causes of soil pollution are the huge volume of industrial waste, mismanagement of household waste, polythene shopping bags, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, and fuel leakages from automobiles.
(b) The indiscriminate industrialization process and careless human activities are responsible for environmental problems.
(c) Recycling helps us by reducing the volume of waste materials such as papers and plastics. It also helps reduce and control soil pollution.
(d) We should stop pollution because it harms air, water and soil and creates serious dangers for human life, plants and the environment.
(e) As a student, I can use less motor transport, avoid unnecessary vehicle use, plant trees, keep my surroundings clean, and make people aware of air pollution.
| No. | Answer |
|---|---|
| (i) | 1930 |
| (ii) | Purdue University, the USA |
| (iii) | Received M.Sc in Aerospace Engineering |
| (iv) | July 20, 1969 |
| (v) | the next day |
(a) Tolerance is not only an abstract virtue but also a considerable influence in the current affairs of life.
(b) Man, being a social being, has to live in a spirit of harmony and co-operation with others in society.
(c) In such a process, give and take is a necessary capacity for compromise.
(d) We cannot persuade others unless we ourselves are at the same time ready to be persuaded by practising sweet reasonableness.
(e) It is thus seen that tolerance is a social virtue which is opposed to dogmatism and dictatorship.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| d | g | f | a | c | e | b | h |
(a) The message of the poem "O me! O life!" is that life may seem full of struggle and disappointment, but every person has a meaningful role to play. We should contribute our own verse to the powerful play of life.
(b) The poet calls time an "Old Gipsy Man" because time never stays in one place. Like a gipsy, it keeps moving on silently and does not wait for anyone.
(c) Yes, I support it. A mother's love is divine because it is selfless, pure and full of sacrifice. A mother always thinks of her children's happiness and safety before her own comfort.
(d) The main theme of the poem "Two Mothers Remembered" is a child's deep love, gratitude and remembrance for two mothers. The poem shows that a mother's affection remains alive in memory even after death.
(e) Yes, I think each book is a magic box because it opens a new world of knowledge, imagination and experience. Through books we can learn about people, places and ideas beyond our own life.
(f) By "The sad old earth must borrow its mirth", the poet means that the earth becomes joyful by receiving beauty, brightness and happiness from nature, especially from the spring.
(g) The poem "The Sands of Dee" portrays nature as powerful and mysterious. It shows that human beings are weak before natural forces, and the sea can be both beautiful and dangerous.
(a) Portia saved Antonio's life by cleverly arguing in court that Shylock could take a pound of flesh but not a single drop of blood. As this was impossible, Antonio was saved.
(b) The moral lesson behind the caskets is that appearances are often deceptive. True wisdom lies in choosing by inner value, not by outward show.
(c) Josephine and Richards had brought the news of Mr. Brently Mallard's death.
(d) Sonabhan faces poverty, social neglect and the hardship of rural life in the story "Mr. Moti". She struggles to survive with dignity in a difficult environment.
(e) Everyone was scared of breaking the news to Mrs. Mallard because she had heart trouble. They feared that the shock of her husband's death might harm her.
(f) Bassanio offered to pay twice the amount of the debt to Shylock to save Antonio. Later he was ready to pay even more.
(g) Beautiful and expensive things in the shop fascinated Rosamond because they looked bright, colourful and attractive to her childish mind.
(h) The story "Mr. Moti" portrays rural life in Bangladesh through poverty, simplicity, social relationships and everyday struggles. It presents the hardship and humanity of village people.
Perseverance Brings Success
Robert Bruce was the king of Scotland. His army was defeated again and again against King Edward-I of England. Being defeated six times, he lost his hope. He fled away from the battlefield and took shelter in a lonely cave. He was very sad and disappointed.
While he was lying in the cave, he saw a spider trying to climb up the wall. The spider failed again and again, but it did not give up. Bruce watched it carefully. The spider tried for the seventh time and finally succeeded in reaching the top.
This little incident inspired Bruce deeply. He thought that if a tiny spider could succeed after repeated failures, he also could regain his kingdom through courage and perseverance. He gathered his soldiers again and encouraged them to fight bravely.
At last, Robert Bruce fought against the English army once more. This time he won the battle and became free from the control of England. From his life we learn that failure is not the end. Strong will and perseverance can bring success.
Manha: Hello Manosh, you look worried. What happened?
Manosh: Hello Manha. I am thinking about the frequent street accidents in our country.
Manha: You are right. Every day we hear news of road accidents. Many people lose their lives or become injured.
Manosh: The main causes are reckless driving, overtaking, unfit vehicles and violation of traffic rules.
Manha: I also think pedestrians are sometimes careless. Many people cross roads without using footbridges or zebra crossings.
Manosh: That is true. But drivers must be trained properly, and they should not drive at high speed.
Manha: The authorities should strictly check driving licences and punish those who break traffic laws.
Manosh: Roads should also be repaired and traffic signals should work properly.
Manha: We students can help by making people aware of road safety.
Manosh: Yes, awareness is very important. Everyone should follow traffic rules.
Manha: If drivers, passengers and pedestrians become careful, street accidents will decrease.
Manosh: I agree with you. Let us discuss this issue in our school awareness club.
Manha: That is a good idea. Thank you, Manosh.
Manosh: You are welcome, Manha.