Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous rivers, canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh. Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The most important beels are Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura. Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor. Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish. [Unit-10; Lesson-2]

1.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.

(a) What does the word 'inland' mean?
(i) close (ii) outlet (iii) internal (iv) lineage

(b) What could be the closest meaning for 'numerous'?
(i) few (ii) measurable (iii) immeasurable (iv) tiny

(c) Hakaluki haor is of ______ hectares.
(i) 18,000 (ii) 18,386 (iii) 1,90,000 (iv) 1,90,500

(d) This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in ______.
(i) March 1999 (ii) April 1999 (iii) May 1999 (iv) June 1999

(e) Hakaluki haor is located in ______.
(i) Sylhet and Hobiganj (ii) Maulvibazar and Sunamganj (iii) Sylhet and Maulvibazar (iv) Sunamganj and Hobiganj

(f) The ecosystem of Hakaluki is ______.
(i) normal (ii) ordinary (iii) intricate (iv) shrewd

(g) The best synonym of 'tributaries' is ______.
(i) close (ii) branches (iii) tribute (iv) enhancement

(h) 'Livelihood' could be best replaced by ______.
(i) way of life (ii) source of life (iii) source of income (iv) stage after adulthood

(i) What is the meaning of the word 'aquatic'?
(i) terrestrial (ii) marine (iii) plant (iv) fertile

(j) Hakaluki is bounded by the Kulaura-Beanibazar road to the ______.
(i) east (ii) west (iii) south (iv) south-west

উত্তর

(a) (iii) internal
(b) (iii) immeasurable
(c) (ii) 18,386
(d) (ii) April 1999
(e) (iii) Sylhet and Maulvibazar
(f) (iii) intricate
(g) (ii) branches
(h) (iii) source of income
(i) (ii) marine
(j) (i) east

Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. "I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994,...... "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come." "We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation." In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. [Unit-1; Lesson-2(B)]

2.

Answer the following questions.

(a) Who was Nelson Mandela? What is the ideal of Mandela?
(b) What did Nelson Mandela say in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president?
(c) What is race discrimination? What was Mandela's remark on race discrimination?
(d) Why is Mandela called an icon of peace and reconciliation?

উত্তর

(a) Nelson Mandela was a South African leader who fought against white minority rule and apartheid. His ideal was to achieve political emancipation for his people without causing a civil war.

(b) In his acceptance speech, Mandela said that he hated race discrimination most intensely and had fought it all his life. He also said that the time had come for healing wounds and bridging the divisions among people.

(c) Race discrimination means treating people unfairly because of their race or colour. Mandela said that he hated race discrimination in all its manifestations and would fight it until the end of his days.

(d) Mandela is called an icon of peace and reconciliation because he fought apartheid with courage but tried to avoid civil war. He worked to heal wounds, bridge divisions and establish political freedom in South Africa.

3.

Write the synonyms or antonyms of the words as directed below.

(a) shackle (synonym) (b) icon (synonym) (c) emancipation (synonym) (d) war (antonym) (e) hate (antonym) (f) fought (synonym) (g) acceptance (antonym) (h) bridge (synonym) (i) awarded (antonym) (j) prison (synonym)

উত্তর

(a) chain (b) symbol (c) liberation (d) peace (e) love (f) struggled (g) rejection (h) connect (i) deprived (j) jail

4.

Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word in each gap.

Our liberation is the (a) ______ achievement in our national life. It was (b) ______ in 1971. We had been (c) ______ Pakistani rule for twenty five years. But the discrimination, (d) ______ and suppression of the West Pakistani rulers (e) ______ us to wage the Liberation War. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for (f) ______. But soon he was (g) ______ by the Pakistani rulers. However, people from all (h) ______ of life took part in the war responding to the call and order of Bangabandhu.

উত্তর

(a) greatest (b) achieved (c) under (d) exploitation (e) compelled (f) freedom (g) arrested (h) walks

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