Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this. The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air. Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated worldwide by humans. Moreover, we are also strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees. Every year enormous areas of forests are destroyed by people to obtain wood and to clear regions for mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests.

1.

Choose the best answer from alternatives.

(a) Greenhouse effect is strengthened by ______.

(i) planting trees
(ii) afforestation
(iii) erosion of soil
(iv) destruction of forest

(b) "This loss of the forest causes dual problems". The dual problems are ______.

(i) the absorption of carbon dioxide is less and more carbon dioxide is emitted by burning trees
(ii) the release of oxygen and the absorption of carbon dioxide
(iii) emission of carbon dioxide and destruction of trees
(iv) trees are the storehouse of carbon dioxide and they absorb oxygen

(c) Coal is one of the fuels used for ______ energy.

(i) compacting
(ii) lessening
(iii) reducing
(iv) generating

(d) Forests ______ carbon dioxide gas.

(i) consume
(ii) emit
(iii) exhale
(iv) discharge

(e) The word 'pasture' stands for ______.

(i) field for growing corn
(ii) field for tending cattle
(iii) field for playing games
(iv) mine

(f) The contextual meaning of the word 'concentration' is ______.

(i) accumulation
(ii) deliberation
(iii) submission
(iv) attention

(g) Which of the following best describes the similarity between burning of fossil fuels and cutting down of trees?

(i) radiation
(ii) emission of carbon dioxide
(iii) famine
(iv) loss of energy

Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this. The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air. Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated worldwide by humans. Moreover, we are also strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees. Every year enormous areas of forests are destroyed by people to obtain wood and to clear regions for mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests.

2.

Answer the following questions:

(a) How does the burning of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution illustrate the direct link between human progress and environmental degradation?

(b) In what ways does deforestation create a dual impact on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

(c) Evaluate how industrialization and modernization have collectively intensified the greenhouse effect over the past century.

(d) How are humans producing a great amount of carbon dioxide daily?

(e) How can we stop the emission of greenhouse gases?

Everyone must play a part in protecting the environment. There are many things we can do on our own every day to help save the planet. The best thing we can do for the planet is to use its resources properly. Before buying something, we can ask ourselves, "Do we really need this?" Or "Is there another product which would do the same thing but is more sustainable?" Or ask the question, "Will this last a long time?" When we buy things, we should buy those that are durable; we should use them properly, and have them repaired when necessary. If we practice this, many things will not only last a life-time, but also be passed on for future use. However, if something is truly unusable for its original purposes, try to be more creative and think of how else it might be used. Rather than throwing an item out when neither we nor anyone else can make use of it, have it recycled. And if recycling is not possible, it is better to send goods to a landfill or have them burned up.

3.

Read the following text and fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text:

The environment of our planet is being polluted in many ways. We, the (a) ______, are responsible for this. But we (b) ______ realize the importance of protecting our planet. Now it is time of (c) ______. By (d) ______ the use of daily necessaries, by (e) ______ and recycling them, we can save the earth.

The great men were born in different places of this world but their activities make them familiar and closer to us. Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah is one of those who contributed a lot to Bangla language and literature. He was the greatest scholar of Bengal. This great scholar was born in July, 1885 at 24 Pargonas in West Bengal, India. He passed his entrance examination in 1904 and obtained his B.A. degree six years later. It took him two years to complete his M.A. and another two years for his Bachelor of Law Degree. He later joined the University of Dhaka in 1921 as a Professor of Sanskrit and Bengali. He was awarded the Doctorate Degree from Sorbonne University, Paris in 1928. "Bangla Shahitter Katha," the first well-arranged history of Bengali literature was composed by him that was published in 1953. This great scholar remained busy, with his work till he became seriously ill in 1967 and was confined to bed for about two and a half years. Dr. Shahidullah breathed his last on 13th July, 1969 in Dhaka. We remember him with great respect and gratitude.

4.

Complete the table below with information from the passage.

Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah

Specialty: Great contribution to Bangla literature

Time: Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was born in (i) ______

Who/What	Event/Activity	When	Where
(ii) ______	passed Entrance Examination	in 1904	-
Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah	joined as Professor	in 1921	(iii) ______
He	(iv) ______	in 1928	Sorbonne University, Paris
"Bangla Shahitter Katha"	was published	in (v) ______	-

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